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DatLab provides several keyboard shortcuts to allow for quick access to many functions and settings without using a mouse. +
'''Keywords—MitoPedia''' is the concept to link keywords in articles published in [[Bioenergetics Communications]] (BEC) to [[MitoPedia]] terms. Authors should consider the message in the selected keywords. Provide consistent definitions of your keywords by linking them to MitoPedia. Extend MitoPedia entries critically by your contributions. The BEC editorial team will hyperlink your keywords with MitoPedia, and a reference to your BEC publication will be generated automatically from the MitoPedia term to your publication. With your contributions, BEC elevates keywords to terms with meaning. Your article gains visibility. +
The kilogram, symbol kg, is the SI unit of mass. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Planck constant ''h'' to be 6.626 070 15 × 10<sup>−34</sup> when expressed in the unit J s, which is equal to kg m<sup>2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>, where the meter and the second are defined in terms of ''c'' and Δ''ν''<sub>Cs</sub>. +
The '''Korean Society of Mitochondrial Research and Medicine''' (KSMRM) is a member of [[Asian Society for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine|ASMRM]]. +
'''Kynurenine hydroxylase''' (kynurenine 3-monooxygenase) is located in the outer mitochondrial membrane. Kynurenine hydroxylase catalyzes the chemical reaction: L-kynurenine + NADPH + H<sup>+</sup> + O<sub>2</sub> ↔ 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + NADP<sup>+</sup> + H<sub>2</sub>O
Kynurenine hydroxylase belongs to the family of oxidoreductases acting on paired donors, with O<sub>2</sub> as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O<sub>2</sub> with [[NADH]] or [[NADPH]] as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen into the other donor. This enzyme participates in tryptophan metabolism. It employs one cofactor, [[FAD]]. +
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[[Image:L over E.jpg|50 px|LEAK control ratio]] The '''''L/E'' coupling-control ratio''' is the flux ratio of [[LEAK respiration]] over [[ET capacity]], as determined by measurement of oxygen consumption in ''L'' and ''E'' sequentially. The ''L/E'' coupling-control ratio is an index of [[uncoupling]] or [[dyscoupling]] at constant ET-capacity. ''L/E'' increases with uncoupling from a theoretical minimum of 0.0 for a fully coupled system, to 1.0 for a fully uncoupled system. +
[[Image:L over P.jpg|50 px|''L/P'' coupling-control ratio]] The '''''L/P'' coupling-control ratio''' or LEAK/OXPHOS coupling-control ratio combines the effects of coupling (''L/E'') and limitation by the phosphorylation system (''P/E''); ''L/P'' = (''L/E'') / (''P/E'') = 1/[[RCR]]. +
[[Image:L over R.jpg|50 px|''L/R'' coupling-control ratio]] The '''''L/R'' coupling-control ratio''' or LEAK/ROUTINE coupling-control ratio combines the effects of coupling (''L/E''), physiological control of energy demand, and limitation by the OXPHOS capacity. +
[[File:L.jpg]] '''EAK respiration''' or LEAK oxygen flux ''L'' compensating for [[proton leak]], [[proton slip]], cation cycling and [[electron leak]], is a dissipative component of respiration which is not available for performing biochemical work and thus related to heat production. LEAK respiration is measured in the LEAK state, in the presence of reducing substrate(s), but absence of ADP - abbreviated as ''L''(n) (theoretically, absence of inorganic phosphate presents an alternative), or after enzymatic inhibition of the [[phosphorylation system]], which can be reached with the use of [[oligomycin]] - abbreviated as ''L''(Omy). The '''LEAK state''' is the non-phosphorylating resting state of intrinsic [[Uncoupler|uncoupled]] or [[Dyscoupled respiration|dyscoupled respiration]] when oxygen flux is maintained mainly to compensate for the proton leak at a high chemiosmotic potential, when ATP synthase is not active. In this non-phosphorylating resting state, the electrochemical proton gradient is increased to a maximum, exerting feedback control by depressing oxygen flux to a level determined mainly by the proton leak and the H<sup>+</sup>/O<sub>2</sub> ratio. In this state of maximum protonmotive force, LEAK respiration, ''L'', is higher than the LEAK component of [[OXPHOS capacity]], ''P''. The conditions for measurement and expression of respiration vary ([[oxygen flux]] in the LEAK state, ''J''<sub>O<sub>2</sub>''L''</sub>, or [[oxygen flow]], ''I''<sub>O<sub>2</sub>''L''</sub>). If these conditions are defined and remain consistent within a given context, then the simple symbol ''L'' for respiratory rate can be used as a substitute for the more explicit expression for respiratory activity.
» [[LEAK respiration#LEAK respiration: concept-linked terminology of respiratory states |'''MiPNet article''']] +
[[File:L.jpg |link=LEAK respiration]] The '''LEAK state with ATP''' is obtained in mt-preparations without ATPase activity after ADP is maximally phosphorylated to ATP ([[State 4]]; Chance and Williams 1955) or after addition of high ATP in the absence of ADP ([[Gnaiger 2000 Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |Gnaiger et al 2000]]). Respiration in the LEAK state with ATP, ''L''(T), is distinguished from ''L''(n) and ''L''(Omy). +
[[File:L.jpg |link=LEAK respiration]] The '''LEAK state with oligomycin''' is a [[LEAK state]] induced by inhibition of ATP synthase by [[oligomycin]]. ADP and ATP may or may not be present. LEAK respiration with oligomycin, ''L''(Omy), is distinguished from ''L''(n) and ''L''(T). +
[[File:L.jpg |link=LEAK respiration]] In the '''LEAK state without adenylates''' mitochondrial LEAK respiration, ''L''(n) (n for no adenylates), is measured after addition of substrates, which decreases slowly to the [[LEAK state]] after oxidation of endogenous substrates with no [[adenylates]]. ''L''(n) is distinguished from ''L''(T) and ''L''(Omy). +
'''Laboratory titration sheet''' contains the sequential titrations in a specific Substrate-uncoupler-inhibitor titration (SUIT) protocol. The laboratory titration sheets for different SUIT protocols are incorporated in DatLab (DL7.1): [[Protocols in DatLab]] +
'''Lactate dehydrogenase''' is a glycolytic marker enzyme in the cytosol, regenerating NAD<sup>+</sup> from NADH and pyruvate, forming lactate. +
The concept on '''latent mitochondrial dysfunction''' presents the working hypothesis that the dynamic mitochondrial stress response provides a more sensitive and integrative marker for degenerative disease-related defects compared to acute mitochondrial dysfunction. The risk for developing a disease may be quantified in terms of a stress response, rather than a static pathophysiological state. Acute and latent mitochondrial dysfunction are studied at baseline and in response to a particular (e.g. oxidative) stress, using a mitochondrial stress resistance test. +
A '''Layout''' in [[DatLab]] selected in the Layout menu yields a standardized display of graphs and [[Plot - DatLab |plots]] displayed with specific [[Scaling - DatLab|scalings]]. The graph layout defines initial settings, which can be modified for plots [Ctrl+F6] and scaling [F6]. A modified layout can be saved as user layout without changing the standard layouts. +
This method makes use of all of the data points of the spectrum in order to quantify a measured spectrum with a reference spectrum of known concentration using a '''least squares method''' to match the measured spectrum with the reference spectrum. The technique results in improved accuracy compared with the use of only a few characteristic wavelengths. +
'''Length''' ''l'' is an SI base quantity with SI base unit [[meter]] m. Quantities derived from length are [[area]] ''A'' [m<sup>2</sup>] and [[volume]] ''V'' [m<sup>3</sup>]. Length is an extensive quantity, increasing additively with the number of objects. The term 'height' ''h'' is used for length in cases of vertical position (see [[height of humans]]). Length of height per object, ''L''<sub>''U''<sub>''X''</sub></sub> [m·x<sup>-1</sup>] is length per unit-entity ''U''<sub>''X''</sub>, in contrast to lentgth of a system, which may contain one or many entities, such as the length of a pipeline assembled from a number ''N''<sub>''X''</sub> of individual pipes. Length is a quantity linked to direct sensory, practical experience, as reflected in terms related to length: long/short (height: tall/small). Terms such as 'long/short distance' are then used by analogy in the context of the more abstract quantity [[time]] (long/short duration). +
[[File:E.jpg |link=ET capacity]] '''Level flow''' is a [[steady state]] of a system with an input process coupled to an output process (coupled system), in which the output force is zero. ''Clearly, energy must be expended to maintain level flow, even though output is zero'' (Caplan and Essig 1983; referring to zero output force, while output flow may be maximum). +
A variety of '''light sources''' are available for [[fluorometry]] and [[spectrophotometry]]. These include deuterium, mercury and xenon arc lamps and quartz halogen bulbs dependent upon the wavelengths required. However, the advent of [[light emitting diode]]s has greatly increased the possibilities for the application of [[fluorometry]] and [[spectrophotometry]] to areas that were previously not practicable, and at a much reduced cost. +
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