Difference between revisions of "Glutamate-anaplerotic pathway control state"

Latest revision as of 20:11, 1 January 2021

high-resolution terminology - matching measurements at high-resolution

Glutamate-anaplerotic pathway control state

Description

G: Glutamate is an anaplerotic NADH-linked type 4 substrate (N). When supplied as the sole fuel substrate in the glutamate-anaplerotic pathway control state, G is transported by the electroneutral glutamate-/OH- exchanger, and is oxidised via mt-glutamate dehydrogenase in the mitochondrial matrix. The G-pathway plays an important role in glutaminolysis.

Abbreviation: G

Reference: Gnaiger 2020 BEC MitoPathways

Communicated by Gnaiger E 2016-01-25, edited 2016-11-29.

G(L)

LEAK state (L) with G alone as substrate can be evaluated in the following SUIT protocol:

SUIT-007

DL-Protocol for permeabilized cells (pce): SUIT-007 O2 ce-pce D030

G(P)

OXPHOS state (P) with G alone as substrate can be evaluated in the following SUIT protocol:

SUIT-007

DL-Protocol for permeabilized cells (pce): SUIT-007 O2 ce-pce D030

G(E)

ET state (E) with G alone as substrate can be evaluated in the following SUIT protocol:

SUIT-007

DL-Protocol for permeabilized cells (pce): SUIT-007 O2 ce-pce D030

Details

In human skeletal muscle mitochondria, OXPHOS capacity with glutamate alone (G_P) is 50% to 85% of respiration in the GM-pathway control state (GM_P). Accumulation of fumarate inhibits succinate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase.

Glutaminolysis: Glutamate derived from hydrolyzation of glutamine is an important aerobic substrate in cultured cells, supporting anaplerosis. Mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase is particularly active in astrocytes, preventing glutamate-induced neurotoxicity.

Anaplerosis from malate: mtNAD-malic enzyme supports an anaplerotic pathway when carbohydrate is limiting.

SUITbrowser question: Glutamine/glutamate

The SUITbrowser can be used to find the best SUIT protocols to analyse glutamine/glutamate metabolism, among other research questions.

MitoPedia concepts: SUIT state

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{MitoPedia
 |abbr=G
-|description='''G''': Glutamate as the sole fuel substrate is transported by the electroneutral glutamate-/OH- exchanger, and is oxidised via glutamate dehydrogenase in the mitochondrial matrix.
+|description=[[File:G.jpg|left|200px|G]] '''G''': [[Glutamate]] is an [[Anaplerotic pathway control state |anaplerotic]] [[Electron-transfer-pathway state |NADH-linked type 4 substrate]] (N). When supplied as the sole fuel substrate in the '''glutamate-anaplerotic pathway control state''', G is transported by the electroneutral glutamate-/OH- exchanger, and is oxidised via mt-[[glutamate dehydrogenase]] in the mitochondrial matrix. The G-pathway plays an important role in [[glutaminolysis]].
+|info=[[Gnaiger 2020 BEC MitoPathways]]
+}}
+ Communicated by [[Gnaiger E]] 2016-01-25, edited 2016-11-29.
+__TOC__
-|info=Gnaiger 2014 MitoPathways - Chapter 3.3
-}}
-{{MitoPedia methods}}
-{{MitoPedia topics
-|mitopedia topic=Respiratory substrate-coupling state
-}}
 == G(L) ==
+LEAK state (''L'') with G alone as substrate can be evaluated in the following SUIT protocol:
+:::*[[SUIT-007]]
+::::* DL-Protocol for permeabilized cells (pce): [[SUIT-007 O2 ce-pce D030]]
 == G(P) ==
+OXPHOS state (''P'') with G alone as substrate can be evaluated in the following SUIT protocol:
+:::*[[SUIT-007]]
+::::* DL-Protocol for permeabilized cells (pce): [[SUIT-007 O2 ce-pce D030]]
 == G(E) ==
+ET state (''E'') with G alone as substrate can be evaluated in the following SUIT protocol:
+:::*[[SUIT-007]]
+::::* DL-Protocol for permeabilized cells (pce): [[SUIT-007 O2 ce-pce D030]]
 == Details ==
-In human skeletal muscle mitochondria, [[OXPHOS]] capacity with glutamate alone is 50% to 85% of respiration with [[Glutamate&Malate]]. Accumulation of fumarate inhibits succinate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase.
+:::: In '''human skeletal muscle mitochondria''', [[OXPHOS]] capacity with glutamate alone (G<sub>''P''</sub>) is 50% to 85% of respiration in the [[GM-pathway control state]] (GM<sub>''P''</sub>). Accumulation of fumarate inhibits succinate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase.
-Glutamate derived from hydrolyzation of glutamine is an important aerobic substrate in cultured cells. Mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase is particularly active in astrocytes, preventing glutamate induced neurotoxicity. mtNAD-malic enzyme supports an anaplerotic pathway when carbohydrate is limiting.
+:::: Glutaminolysis: Glutamate derived from hydrolyzation of glutamine is an important aerobic substrate in cultured cells, supporting anaplerosis. Mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase is particularly active in astrocytes, preventing glutamate-induced neurotoxicity.
+:::: Anaplerosis from malate: mtNAD-malic enzyme supports an anaplerotic pathway when carbohydrate is limiting.
+== [[SUITbrowser]] question: Glutamine/glutamate ==
+:::: The [https://suitbrowser.oroboros.at/ SUITbrowser] can be used to find the best SUIT protocols to analyse glutamine/glutamate metabolism, among other research questions.
+{{MitoPedia concepts
+|mitopedia concept=SUIT state
+}}