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• Hydrogenion flux  + (Volume-specific '''hydrogenion flux''' or … Volume-specific '''hydrogenion flux''' or H⁺ flux is measured in a closed system as the time derivative of H⁺ concentration, expressed in units [pmol·s^-1·mL^-1]. H⁺ flux can be measured in an open system at steady state, when any acidification of the medium is compensated by external supply of an equivalent amount of base. The extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) is the change of pH in the incubation medium over time, which is zero at steady state. Volume-specific H⁺ flux is comparable to volume-specific [[oxygen flux]] [pmol·s^-1·mL^-1], which is the (negative) time derivative of oxygen concentration measured in a closed system, corrected for instrumental and chemical background.</br></br>[[pH]] is the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion activity. Therefore, ECAR is of interest in relation to acidification issues in the incubation buffer or culture medium. The physiologically relevant metabolic H⁺ flux, however, must not be confused with ECAR.e incubation buffer or culture medium. The physiologically relevant metabolic H⁺ flux, however, must not be confused with ECAR.)

• Hydrogenion flux  +