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- Hydrogen ion + (The terms '''hydrogen ion''' H<sup>+ … The terms '''hydrogen ion''' H<sup>+</sup> and [[proton]], p or p<sup>+</sup>, are used synonymously in chemistry. A hydrogen ion is a positively charged molecule. In particle physics, however, a proton is a submolecular and subatomic particle with a positive electric charge. The H<sup>+</sup> ion has no electrons and is a bare charge with only about 1/64 000 of the radius of a hydrogen atom. Free H<sup>+</sup> is extremely reactive, with an extremely short lifetime in aqueous solutions. There H<sup>+</sup> forms the hydronium ion H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>, which in turn is further solvated by water molecules in clusters such as H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup> and H<sub>9</sub>O<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>. The transfer of H<sup>+</sup> in an acid–base reaction is referred to as ''proton transfer''. The acid is the H<sup>+</sup> donor and the base is the H<sup>+</sup> acceptor.lt;sup>+</sup>. The transfer of H<sup>+</sup> in an acid–base reaction is referred to as ''proton transfer''. The acid is the H<sup>+</sup> donor and the base is the H<sup>+</sup> acceptor.)
