Poole 2021 J Physiol
| Poole DC, Rossiter HB, Brooks GA, Gladden LB (2021) The anaerobic threshold: 50+ years of controversy. J Physiol 599:737-67. doi: 10.1113/JP279963 |
Poole DC, Rossiter HB, Brooks GA, Gladden LB (2021) J Physiol
Abstract: The anaerobic threshold (AT) remains a widely recognized, and contentious, concept in exercise physiology and medicine. As conceived by Karlman Wasserman, the AT coalesced the increase of blood lactate concentration ([La- ]), during a progressive exercise test, with an excess pulmonary carbon dioxide output ( หVCO2 ). Its principal tenets were: limiting oxygen (O2 ) delivery to exercising muscleโincreased glycolysis, La- and H+ productionโdecreased muscle and blood pHโwith increased H+ buffered by blood [HCO3 - ]โincreased CO2 release from bloodโincreased หVCO2 and pulmonary ventilation. This schema stimulated scientific scrutiny which challenged the fundamental premise that muscle anoxia was requisite for increased muscle and blood [La- ]. It is now recognized that insufficient O2 is not the primary basis for lactataemia. Increased production and utilization of La- represent the response to increased glycolytic flux elicited by increasing work rate, and determine the oxygen uptake ( หVO2 ) at which La- accumulates in the arterial blood (the lactate threshold; LT). However, the threshold for a sustained non-oxidative contribution to exercise energetics is the critical power, which occurs at a metabolic rate often far above the LT and separates heavy from very heavy/severe-intensity exercise. Lactate is now appreciated as a crucial energy source, major gluconeogenic precursor and signalling molecule but there is no ipso facto evidence for muscle dysoxia or anoxia. Non-invasive estimation of LT using the gas exchange threshold (non-linear increase of หVCO2 versus หVO2 ) remains important in exercise training and in the clinic, but its conceptual basis should now be understood in light of lactate shuttle biology.
โข Bioblast editor: Gnaiger E
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