Difference between revisions of "PM-pathway control state"

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PM-pathway control state

Description

MitoPathway control state: NADH Electron transfer-pathway state

Upstream of the NAD-junction, Pyruvate (P) is oxidatively decarboxylated to acetyl-CoA and CO₂, yielding NADH catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase. Malate (M) is oxidized to oxaloacetate by mt-malate dehydrogenase located in the mitochondrial matrix. Condensation of oxaloacate with acetyl-CoA yields citrate (citrate synthase). 2-oxoglutarate (α-ketoglutarate) is formed from isocitrate (isocitrate dehydrogenase).

Abbreviation: PM

Reference: Gnaiger 2020 BEC MitoPathways

More details

» NADH electron transfer-pathway state

» Additive effect of convergent electron flow

» Respiratory complexes - more than five

» Convergent electron flow

PM_L

With PM as N-substrates, LEAK respiration L can be evaluated in the following SUIT protocols:

SUIT-001

DL-Protocol for isolated mitochondria and tissue homogenate (mt): SUIT-001 O2 mt D001
DL-Protocol for permeabilized fibers (pfi): SUIT-001 O2 pfi D002
DL-Protocol for permeabilized cells (pce): SUIT-001 O2 ce-pce D003
DL-Protocol for permeabilized blood cells (PBMC and PLT): SUIT-001 O2 ce-pce D004

SUIT-004

DL-Protocol for permeabilized fibers (pfi): SUIT-004 O2 pfi D010

SUIT-006

DL-Protocol for permeabilized cells (pce): SUIT-006 O2 ce-pce D029
DL-Protocol for isolated mitochondria and tissue homogenate (mt): SUIT-006 O2 mt D047

SUIT-008

DL-Protocol for permeabilized fibers (pfi): SUIT-008 O2 pfi D014

PM_P

With PM as N-substrates, OXPHOS capacity P can be evaluated in the following SUIT protocols:

SUIT-001

DL-Protocol for isolated mitochondria and tissue homogenate (mt): SUIT-001 O2 mt D001
DL-Protocol for permeabilized fibers (pfi): SUIT-001 O2 pfi D002
DL-Protocol for permeabilized cells (pce): SUIT-001 O2 ce-pce D003
DL-Protocol for permeabilized blood cells (PBMC and PLT): SUIT-001 O2 ce-pce D004

SUIT-004

DL-Protocol for permeabilized fibers (pfi): SUIT-004 O2 pfi D010

SUIT-006

DL-Protocol for permeabilized cells (pce): SUIT-006 O2 ce-pce D029
DL-Protocol for isolated mitochondria and tissue homogenate (mt): SUIT-006 O2 mt D047

SUIT-008

DL-Protocol for permeabilized fibers (pfi): SUIT-008 O2 pfi D014

PM_E

With PM as N-substrates, ET capacity E can be evaluated in the following SUIT protocols:

SUIT-001

DL-Protocol for isolated mitochondria and tissue homogenate (mt): SUIT-001 O2 mt D001
DL-Protocol for permeabilized fibers (pfi): SUIT-001 O2 pfi D002
DL-Protocol for permeabilized cells (pce): SUIT-001 O2 ce-pce D003
DL-Protocol for permeabilized blood cells (PBMC and PLT): SUIT-001 O2 ce-pce D004

SUIT-004

DL-Protocol for permeabilized fibers (pfi): SUIT-004 O2 pfi D010

SUIT-006

DL-Protocol for permeabilized cells (pce): SUIT-006 O2 ce-pce D029
DL-Protocol for isolated mitochondria and tissue homogenate (mt): SUIT-006 O2 mt D047

SUIT-008

DL-Protocol for permeabilized fibers (pfi): SUIT-008 O2 pfi D014

Linear coupling control in the N-pathway control state: L → P → E

P-L

P-L control efficiency, j_P-L = (P-L)/P = 1-L/P, is measured in the N-pathway state, with defined coupling sites (CI, CIII, CIV).

P-E

CCCP is titrated stepwise to maximum flux, to evaluate limitation of OXPHOS by the phosphorylation system, expressed as the E-P control efficiency j_E-P = (E-P)/E = 1-P/E.

If j_E-P>0, then the E-L coupling efficiency rather than the P-L control efficiency is the proper expression of coupling, j_E-L = (E-L)/E = 1-L/E.

Discussion

The Pyruvate anaplerotic pathway control state (pyruvate alone) is not an ET-pathway competent substrate state in most mt-preparations, since acetyl-CoA accumulates without the co-substrate (oxaloacetate) of citrate synthase.

The Malate-anaplerotic pathway control state (M alone) is not an ET-pathway competent substrate state in many mt-preparations, since oxaloacetate accumulates without the co-substrate (acetyl-CoA) of citrate synthase.

MitoPedia concepts: SUIT state

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{MitoPedia
 |abbr=PM
-|description='''PM''', CI-linked pathway: [[Pyruvate]] (P) is oxidatively decarboxylated to acetyl-CoA and CO<sub>2</sub>, yielding [[NADH]] catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase. [[Malate]] (M) is oxidized to oxaloacetate by mt-malate dehydrogenase located in the mitochondrial matrix. Condensation of oxaloacate with acetyl-CoA yields citrate (citrate synthase). 2-oxoglutarate (α-ketoglutarate) is formed from isocitrate (isocitrate dehydrogenase).
+|description=[[File:M.jpg|left|200px|PM]] '''PM''': [[Pyruvate]] & [[Malate]].
-|info=[[Gnaiger 2014 MitoPathways |Gnaiger 2014 MitoPathways - Chapter 3.2]]
+'''MitoPathway control state:''' [[NADH Electron transfer-pathway state]]
+Upstream of the NAD-junction, [[Pyruvate]] (P) is oxidatively decarboxylated to acetyl-CoA and CO<sub>2</sub>, yielding [[NADH]] catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase. [[Malate]] (M) is oxidized to oxaloacetate by mt-malate dehydrogenase located in the mitochondrial matrix. Condensation of oxaloacate with acetyl-CoA yields citrate (citrate synthase). 2-oxoglutarate (α-ketoglutarate) is formed from isocitrate (isocitrate dehydrogenase).
+|info=[[Gnaiger 2020 BEC MitoPathways]]
 }}
-{{MitoPedia methods}}
+::: ''More details''
-{{MitoPedia topics
+::::» [[NADH electron transfer-pathway state]]
-|mitopedia topic=Respiratory substrate-coupling state
+::::» [[Additive effect of convergent electron flow]]
-}}
+::::» [[Respiratory_complexes#Respiratory_complexes_-_more_than_five |Respiratory complexes - more than five]]
-[[File:PM.jpg|right|400px|link=Gnaiger 2014 MitoPathways |Gnaiger 2014 MitoPathways - Chapter 3.2]]
+::::» [[Convergent electron flow]]
-== PM(L) ==
+__TOC__
-* SUIT-RP1: '''<U>1PM</U>''' 2D 2c (2NADH) 3U 4Oct 5G 6S 7Rot 8Gp 9Ama 10Tm
+[[File:PM.jpg|right|400px|link=Gnaiger 2020 BEC MitoPathways |Gnaiger 2020 BEC MitoPathways]]
+== PM<sub>''L''</sub> ==
+With PM as N-substrates, LEAK respiration ''L'' can be evaluated in the following SUIT protocols:
+:::*[[SUIT-001]]
+::::* DL-Protocol for isolated mitochondria and tissue homogenate (mt): [[SUIT-001 O2 mt D001]]
+::::* DL-Protocol for permeabilized fibers (pfi): [[SUIT-001 O2 pfi D002]]
+::::* DL-Protocol for permeabilized cells (pce): [[SUIT-001 O2 ce-pce D003]]
+::::* DL-Protocol for permeabilized blood cells (PBMC and PLT): [[SUIT-001 O2 ce-pce D004]]
+:::*[[SUIT-004]]
+::::* DL-Protocol for permeabilized fibers (pfi): [[SUIT-004 O2 pfi D010]]
+:::*[[SUIT-006]]
+::::* DL-Protocol for permeabilized cells (pce): [[SUIT-006 O2 ce-pce D029]]
+::::* DL-Protocol for isolated mitochondria and tissue homogenate (mt): [[SUIT-006 O2 mt D047]]
+:::*[[SUIT-008]]
+::::* DL-Protocol for permeabilized fibers (pfi): [[SUIT-008 O2 pfi D014]]
+== PM<sub>''P''</sub> ==
+With PM as N-substrates, OXPHOS capacity ''P'' can be evaluated in the following SUIT protocols:
+:::*[[SUIT-001]]
+::::* DL-Protocol for isolated mitochondria and tissue homogenate (mt): [[SUIT-001 O2 mt D001]]
+::::* DL-Protocol for permeabilized fibers (pfi): [[SUIT-001 O2 pfi D002]]
+::::* DL-Protocol for permeabilized cells (pce): [[SUIT-001 O2 ce-pce D003]]
+::::* DL-Protocol for permeabilized blood cells (PBMC and PLT): [[SUIT-001 O2 ce-pce D004]]
+:::*[[SUIT-004]]
+::::* DL-Protocol for permeabilized fibers (pfi): [[SUIT-004 O2 pfi D010]]
+:::*[[SUIT-006]]
+::::* DL-Protocol for permeabilized cells (pce): [[SUIT-006 O2 ce-pce D029]]
+::::* DL-Protocol for isolated mitochondria and tissue homogenate (mt): [[SUIT-006 O2 mt D047]]
+:::*[[SUIT-008]]
+::::* DL-Protocol for permeabilized fibers (pfi): [[SUIT-008 O2 pfi D014]]
+== PM<sub>''E''</sub> ==
+With PM as N-substrates, ET capacity ''E'' can be evaluated in the following SUIT protocols:
+:::*[[SUIT-001]]
+::::* DL-Protocol for isolated mitochondria and tissue homogenate (mt): [[SUIT-001 O2 mt D001]]
+::::* DL-Protocol for permeabilized fibers (pfi): [[SUIT-001 O2 pfi D002]]
+::::* DL-Protocol for permeabilized cells (pce): [[SUIT-001 O2 ce-pce D003]]
+::::* DL-Protocol for permeabilized blood cells (PBMC and PLT): [[SUIT-001 O2 ce-pce D004]]
+:::*[[SUIT-004]]
+::::* DL-Protocol for permeabilized fibers (pfi): [[SUIT-004 O2 pfi D010]]
+:::*[[SUIT-006]]
+::::* DL-Protocol for permeabilized cells (pce): [[SUIT-006 O2 ce-pce D029]]
+::::* DL-Protocol for isolated mitochondria and tissue homogenate (mt): [[SUIT-006 O2 mt D047]]
+:::*[[SUIT-008]]
+::::* DL-Protocol for permeabilized fibers (pfi): [[SUIT-008 O2 pfi D014]]
-== PM(P) ==
-* SUIT-RP1: 1PM '''<U>2D</U>''' 2c (2NADH) 3U 4Oct 5G 6S 7Rot 8Gp 9Ama 10Tm
-== PM(E) ==
+== Linear coupling control in the N-pathway control state: ''L → P → E'' ==
-* SUIT-RP1: 1PM 2D 2c (2NADH) '''<U>3U</U>''' 4Oct 5G 6S 7Rot 8Gp 9Ama 10Tm
+:::* '''''P-L'''''
+:::: [[P-L control efficiency |''P-L'' control efficiency]], ''j<sub>P-L</sub>'' = (''P-L'')/''P'' = 1-''L/P'', is measured in the N-pathway state, with defined coupling sites (CI, CIII, CIV).
+:::* '''''P-E'''''
+:::: [[CCCP]] is titrated stepwise to maximum flux, to evaluate limitation of OXPHOS by the phosphorylation system, expressed as the [[E-P control efficiency |''E-P'' control efficiency]] ''j<sub>E-P</sub>'' = (''E-P'')/''E'' = 1-''P/E''.
+:::: If ''j<sub>E-P</sub>''>0, then the [[E-L coupling efficiency]] rather than the [[P-L control efficiency |''P-L'' control efficiency]] is the proper expression of coupling, ''j<sub>E-L</sub>'' = (''E-L'')/''E'' = 1-''L/E''.
 == Discussion ==
-* CI-linked linear coupling control: ''L – P - E''
+:::: The [[Pyruvate anaplerotic pathway control state]] (pyruvate alone) is not an ET-pathway competent substrate state in most mt-preparations, since acetyl-CoA accumulates without the co-substrate (oxaloacetate) of citrate synthase.
-# [[OXPHOS coupling efficiency]] (''P-L'' or ''≈P'' control factor), ''j<sub>≈P</sub>'' = ''≈P/P'' = (''P-L'')/''P'' = 1-''L/P'', is measured in the CI-linked substrate state, with defined coupling sites (CI, CIII, CIV) and at high flux.
+:::: The [[Malate-anaplerotic pathway control state]] (M alone) is not an ET-pathway competent substrate state in many mt-preparations, since oxaloacetate accumulates without the co-substrate (acetyl-CoA) of citrate synthase.
-# [[CCCP]] is titrated stepwise to maximum flux, to evaluate limitation of OXPHOS by the phosphorylation system, expressed as the apparent [[excess E-P capacity factor |excess ''E-P'' capacity factor]] (''E-P'' coupling control factor), ''j<sub>ExP</sub>'' = (''E-P'')/''E'' = 1-''P/E''. If ''j<sub>ExP</sub>''>0, then the [[ETS coupling efficiency]] rather than the [[OXPHOS coupling efficiency]] is the proper expression of coupling, ''j<sub>≈E</sub>'' = ''≈E/E'' = (''E-L'')/''E'' = 1-''L/E''.
-* [[Pyruvate alone]] is not an ETS competent substrate state in most mt-preparations, since acetyl-CoA accumulates without the co-substrate (oxaloacetate) of citrate synthase.
+{{MitoPedia concepts
-* [[Malate alone]] is not an ETS competent substrate state in many mt-preparations, since oxaloacetate accumulates without the co-substrate (acetyl-CoA) of citrate synthase.
+|mitopedia concept=SUIT state
+}}