Isolated system: Difference between revisions
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{{MitoPedia | {{MitoPedia | ||
|description=The boundaries of '''isolated system'''s are impermeable for all forms of energy and matter.Β Changes of isolated systems have exclusively internal origins. | |description=The boundaries of '''isolated system'''s are impermeable for all forms of energy and matter.Β Changes of isolated systems have exclusively internal origins, ''e.g.'', internal entropy production, d<sub>i</sub>''S''/d''t'', internal formation of chemical species ''i'' which is produced in a reaction ''r'', d<sub>i</sub>''n<sub>i</sub>''/d''t'' = d<sub>r</sub>''n<sub>i</sub>''/d''t''. In isolated systems some internal terms are restricted to zero by various conservation laws which rule out the production or destruction of the respective quantity. Β | ||
|info=[[ | |info=Β»[[System]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
== Internal change of internal-energy == | |||
:::: IUPAC defines the '''[[internal energy]] change''', Ξ''U'' = ''q''+''w'' [1]. This is restricted to [[closed systems]]. To clarify that ''internal'' (subscript i) and ''external'' (subscript e) energy changes, d<sub>i</sub>''U'' and d<sub>e</sub>''U'', respectively, refer to ''U'' as "internal energy", it may be helpful to write "internal-energy" for ''U'' [2]. | |||
:::: The First Law of Thermodynamics states that in all systems the ''internal'' change of internal-energy is always zero, d<sub>i</sub>''U''/d''t'' = 0 [2]. | |||
== References == | |||
:::# Cohen ER, Cvitas T, Frey JG, HolmstrΓΆm B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor HL (2008) Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. IUPAC Green Book 3rd Edition, 2nd Printing, IUPAC & RSC Publishing, Cambridge. - [[Cohen 2008 IUPAC Green Book |Β»Bioblast linkΒ«]] | |||
:::# Gnaiger E (1993) Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of energy transformations. Pure Appl Chem 65:1983-2002. - [[Gnaiger 1993 Pure Appl Chem |Β»Bioblast linkΒ«]] | |||
{{MitoPedia concepts | {{MitoPedia concepts | ||
|mitopedia concept=Ergodynamics | |mitopedia concept=Ergodynamics | ||
Revision as of 13:42, 2 January 2019
- high-resolution terminology - matching measurements at high-resolution
Isolated system
Description
The boundaries of isolated systems are impermeable for all forms of energy and matter. Changes of isolated systems have exclusively internal origins, e.g., internal entropy production, diS/dt, internal formation of chemical species i which is produced in a reaction r, dini/dt = drni/dt. In isolated systems some internal terms are restricted to zero by various conservation laws which rule out the production or destruction of the respective quantity.
Reference: Β»System
Internal change of internal-energy
- IUPAC defines the internal energy change, ΞU = q+w [1]. This is restricted to closed systems. To clarify that internal (subscript i) and external (subscript e) energy changes, diU and deU, respectively, refer to U as "internal energy", it may be helpful to write "internal-energy" for U [2].
- The First Law of Thermodynamics states that in all systems the internal change of internal-energy is always zero, diU/dt = 0 [2].
References
- Cohen ER, Cvitas T, Frey JG, HolmstrΓΆm B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor HL (2008) Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. IUPAC Green Book 3rd Edition, 2nd Printing, IUPAC & RSC Publishing, Cambridge. - Β»Bioblast linkΒ«
- Gnaiger E (1993) Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of energy transformations. Pure Appl Chem 65:1983-2002. - Β»Bioblast linkΒ«
MitoPedia concepts: Ergodynamics
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HRR: Theory
