- high-resolution terminology - matching measurements at high-resolution
Glutamate-anaplerotic pathway control state
Description
G: Glutamate is a NADH-linked type 4 substrate. When supplied as the sole fuel substrate in the glutamate pathway control state, G is transported by the electroneutral glutamate-/OH- exchanger, and is oxidised via mt glutamate dehydrogenase in the mitochondrial matrix.
Abbreviation: G
Reference: Gnaiger 2014 MitoPathways - Chapter 3.3
MitoPedia concepts:
SUIT state
G(L)
G(P)
G(E)
Details
- In human skeletal muscle mitochondria, OXPHOS capacity with glutamate alone is 50% to 85% of respiration in the GM pathway control state. Accumulation of fumarate inhibits succinate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase.
- Glutamate derived from hydrolyzation of glutamine is an important aerobic substrate in cultured cells. Mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase is particularly active in astrocytes, preventing glutamate induced neurotoxicity. mtNAD-malic enzyme supports an anaplerotic pathway when carbohydrate is limiting.
