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Difference between revisions of "Advancement"

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{{MitoPedia
{{MitoPedia
|abbr=d<sub>tr</sub>''ξ''
|abbr=d<sub>tr</sub>''ξ''
|description=In an isomorphic analysis, any form of [[flow]] is the '''advancement''' of a process per unit of time, expressed in a specific [[motive unit]] [MU∙s<sup>-1</sup>], ''e.g.'', ampere for electric flow or current [A≡C∙s<sup>-1</sup>], watt for heat flow [W≡J∙s<sup>-1</sup>], and for chemical flow the unit is [mol∙s­<sup>-1</sup>] ('''extent of reaction''' per time). The corresponding isomorphic [[force]]s are the partial exergy (Gibbs energy) changes per advancement [J∙MU<sup>-1</sup>], expressed in volt for electric force [V≡J∙C<sup>-1</sup>], dimensionless for thermal force, and for chemical force the unit is [J∙mol<sup>-1</sup>], which deserves a specific acronym ([Jol]) comparable to volt. For chemical processes of reaction and diffusion, the advancement is the amount of motive substance [mol]. The concept was originally introduced by De Donder [1]. Central to the concept of advancement is the [[stoichiometric number]], ''ν''<sub>X</sub>, associated with each motive component X (transformant [2]).
|description=In an isomorphic analysis, any form of [[flow]] is the '''advancement''' of a process per unit of time, expressed in a specific [[motive unit]] [MU∙s<sup>-1</sup>], ''e.g.'', ampere for electric flow or current [A≡C∙s<sup>-1</sup>], watt for heat flow [W≡J∙s<sup>-1</sup>], and for chemical flow the unit is [mol∙s­<sup>-1</sup>] ('''extent of reaction''' per time). The corresponding motive [[force]]s are the partial exergy (Gibbs energy) changes per advancement [J∙MU<sup>-1</sup>], expressed in volt for electric force [V≡J∙C<sup>-1</sup>], dimensionless for thermal force [J∙J<sup>-1</sup>], and for chemical force the unit is [J∙mol<sup>-1</sup>], which deserves a specific acronym ([Jol]) comparable to volt. For chemical processes of reaction and diffusion, the advancement is the amount of motive substance [mol]. The concept was originally introduced by De Donder [1]. Central to the concept of advancement is the [[stoichiometric number]], ''ν''<sub>X</sub>, associated with each motive component X (transformant [2]).


In a chemical reaction, r, the motive entity is the stoichiometric amount of reactant, d<sub>r</sub>''n''<sub>X</sub>, with stoichiometric number ''ν''<sub>X</sub>. The advancement of the chemical reaction, d<sub>r</sub>''ξ'' [mol], is then defined as
In a chemical reaction, r, the motive entity is the stoichiometric amount of reactant, d<sub>r</sub>''n''<sub>X</sub>, with stoichiometric number ''ν''<sub>X</sub>. The advancement of the chemical reaction, d<sub>r</sub>''ξ'' [mol], is then defined as

Revision as of 08:49, 20 October 2018


high-resolution terminology - matching measurements at high-resolution


Advancement

Description

In an isomorphic analysis, any form of flow is the advancement of a process per unit of time, expressed in a specific motive unit [MU∙s-1], e.g., ampere for electric flow or current [A≡C∙s-1], watt for heat flow [W≡J∙s-1], and for chemical flow the unit is [mol∙s-1] (extent of reaction per time). The corresponding motive forces are the partial exergy (Gibbs energy) changes per advancement [J∙MU-1], expressed in volt for electric force [V≡J∙C-1], dimensionless for thermal force [J∙J-1], and for chemical force the unit is [J∙mol-1], which deserves a specific acronym ([Jol]) comparable to volt. For chemical processes of reaction and diffusion, the advancement is the amount of motive substance [mol]. The concept was originally introduced by De Donder [1]. Central to the concept of advancement is the stoichiometric number, νX, associated with each motive component X (transformant [2]).

In a chemical reaction, r, the motive entity is the stoichiometric amount of reactant, drnX, with stoichiometric number νX. The advancement of the chemical reaction, drξ [mol], is then defined as

drξ = drnX·νX-1

The flow of the chemical reaction, Ir [mol·s-1], is advancement per time,

Ir = drξ·dt-1

Abbreviation: dtrξ

Reference: Gnaiger (1993) Pure Appl Chem

Communicated by Gnaiger E 2018-10-16
» Advancement per volume, dtrY = dtrξ∙V-1


References

  1. De Donder T (1936) Thermodynamic theory of affinity: a book of principles. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
  2. Gnaiger E (1993) Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of energy transformations. Pure Appl Chem 65:1983-2002. - »Bioblast link«


MitoPedia concepts: MiP concept, Ergodynamics