Difference between revisions of "Advancement"

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Advancement

Description

In an isomorphic analysis, any form of flow is the advancement of a process per unit of time, expressed in a specific motive unit [MU∙s^-1], e.g., ampere for electric flow or current [A≡C∙s^-1], watt for heat flow [W≡J∙s^-1], and for chemical flow the unit is [mol∙s^-1] (extent of reaction per time). The corresponding isomorphic forces are the partial exergy (Gibbs energy) changes per advancement [J∙MU^-1], expressed in volt for electric force [V≡J∙C^-1], dimensionless for thermal force, and for chemical force the unit is [J∙mol^-1], which deserves a specific acronym ([Jol]) comparable to volt. For chemical processes of reaction and diffusion, the advancement is the amount of motive substance [mol]. The concept was originally introduced by De Donder [1]. Central to the concept of advancement is the stoichiometric number, ν_X, associated with each motive component X (transformant [2]).

In a chemical reaction, r, the motive entity is the stoichiometric amount of reactant, d_rn_X, with stoichiometric number ν_X. The advancement of the chemical reaction, d_rξ [mol], is then defined as

d_rξ = d_rn_X·ν_X^-1

The flow of the chemical reaction, I_r [mol·s^-1], is advancement per time,

I_r = d_rξ·dt^-1

Abbreviation: d_trξ

Reference: Gnaiger (1993) Pure Appl Chem

Communicated by Gnaiger E 2018-10-16

» Advancement per volume, d_trY = d_trξ∙V^-1

References

De Donder T (1936) Thermodynamic theory of affinity: a book of principles. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
Gnaiger E (1993) Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of energy transformations. Pure Appl Chem 65:1983-2002. - »Bioblast link«

MitoPedia concepts: MiP concept, Ergodynamics

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 {{MitoPedia
 |abbr=d<sub>tr</sub>''ξ''
-|description=In an isomorphic analysis, any form of [[flow]] is the '''advancement''' of a process per unit of time, expressed in a specific [[motive unit]] [MU∙s<sup>-1</sup>], ''e.g.'', ampere for electric flow or current [A≡C∙s<sup>-1</sup>], watt for heat flow [W≡J∙s<sup>-1</sup>], and for chemical flow the unit is [mol∙s<sup>-1</sup>]. The corresponding isomorphic [[force]]s are the partial exergy (Gibbs energy) changes per advancement [J∙MU<sup>-1</sup>], expressed in volt for electric force [V≡J∙C<sup>-1</sup>], dimensionless for thermal force, and for chemical force the unit is [J∙mol<sup>-1</sup>], which deserves a specific acronym ([Jol]) comparable to volt. For chemical processes of reaction and diffusion, the advancement is the amount of motive substance [mol]. The concept was originally introduced by De Donder. Central to the concept of advancement is the [[stoichiometric number]], ''ν''<sub>X</sub>, associated with each motive component X (transformant [1]).
+|description=In an isomorphic analysis, any form of [[flow]] is the '''advancement''' of a process per unit of time, expressed in a specific [[motive unit]] [MU∙s<sup>-1</sup>], ''e.g.'', ampere for electric flow or current [A≡C∙s<sup>-1</sup>], watt for heat flow [W≡J∙s<sup>-1</sup>], and for chemical flow the unit is [mol∙s<sup>-1</sup>] ('''extent of reaction''' per time). The corresponding isomorphic [[force]]s are the partial exergy (Gibbs energy) changes per advancement [J∙MU<sup>-1</sup>], expressed in volt for electric force [V≡J∙C<sup>-1</sup>], dimensionless for thermal force, and for chemical force the unit is [J∙mol<sup>-1</sup>], which deserves a specific acronym ([Jol]) comparable to volt. For chemical processes of reaction and diffusion, the advancement is the amount of motive substance [mol]. The concept was originally introduced by De Donder [1]. Central to the concept of advancement is the [[stoichiometric number]], ''ν''<sub>X</sub>, associated with each motive component X (transformant [2]).
 In a chemical reaction, r, the motive entity is the stoichiometric amount of reactant, d<sub>r</sub>''n''<sub>X</sub>, with stoichiometric number ''ν''<sub>X</sub>. The advancement of the chemical reaction, d<sub>r</sub>''ξ'' [mol], is then defined as
@@ Line 16: / Line 16: @@
 == References ==
+:::# De Donder T (1936) Thermodynamic theory of affinity: a book of principles. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
 :::# Gnaiger E (1993) Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of energy transformations. Pure Appl Chem 65:1983-2002. - [[Gnaiger 1993 Pure Appl Chem |»Bioblast link«]]