View source for Additive effect of convergent electron flow

{{MitoPedia
|abbr=''A''<sub>''α&β''</sub>
|description='''Additivity''' ''A''<sub>''α&β''</sub> describes the principle of substrate control of mitochondrial respiration with [[convergent electron flow]]. The '''additive effect of convergent electron flow''' is a consequence of electron flow converging at the '''[[Q-junction]]''' from respiratory Complexes I and II ([[NS-linked substrate state |NS or CI<small>&</small>II e-input]]).  Further additivity may be observed by convergent electron flow through [[Glycerophosphate_dehydrogenase_Complex|glycerophosphate dehydrogenase]] and [[electron-transferring flavoprotein Complex]].  Convergent electron flow corresponds to the operation of the [[TCA cycle]] and mitochondrial substrate supply ''in vivo''. Physiological substrate combinations supporting convergent NS e-input are required for reconstitution of intracellular TCA cycle function.  Convergent electron flow simultaneously through Complexes I and II into the [[Q-junction]] supports higher [[OXPHOS capacity]] and [[ET capacity]] than separate electron flow through either CI or CII.  The convergent [[NS]] effect may be completely or partially additive, suggesting that conventional bioenergetic protocols with [[Mitochondrial preparations|mt-preparations]] have underestimated cellular OXPHOS-capacities, due to the gating effect through a single branch. Complete additivity is defined as the condition when the sum of separately measured respiratory capacities, N + S, is identical to the capacity measured in the state with combined substrates, NS (CI<small>&</small>II). This condition of complete additivity, NS=N+S, would be obtained if electron channeling through supercomplex CI, CIII and CIV does not interact with the pool of redox intermediates in the pathway from CII to CIII and CIV, and if the capacity of the phosphorylation system does not limit OXPHOS capacity ([[Excess E-P capacity factor |excess ''E-P'' capacity factor]] is zero). In most cases, however, additivity is incomplete, NS < N+S.
|info=[[Gnaiger 2020 BEC MitoPathways]], [[Gnaiger_2009_Int J Biochem Cell Biol]]
}}
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:::: ''More details'' » [[Respiratory_complexes#Respiratory_complexes_-_more_than_five |Respiratory complexes - more than five]]

= List of publications: N and S and NS (CI and CII and CI<small>&</small>II) =
{{#ask:[[Category:Publications]] [[Pathways::N]] [[Pathways::S]] [[Pathways::NS]] 
|?Was published in year=Year
|?Has title=Reference
|?Mammal and model
|?Tissue and cell
|?Stress 
|?Diseases 
|format=broadtable
|limit=5000
|offset=0
|sort=Was published in year
|order=descending
}}


= List of publications: N and S and NS and Gp (CI and CII and CI<small>&</small>II and CGpDH) =
{{#ask:[[Category:Publications]] [[Pathways::N]] [[Pathways::S]] [[Pathways::NS]] [[Pathways::CGpDH]]
|?Was published in year=Year
|?Has title=Reference
|?Mammal and model
|?Tissue and cell
|?Stress 
|?Diseases 
|format=broadtable
|limit=5000
|offset=0
|sort=Was published in year
|order=descending
}}

{{MitoPedia methods
|mitopedia method=Respirometry
}}
{{MitoPedia topics
|mitopedia topic=Substrate and metabolite
}}