Jana Prado 2014 Abstract MiP2014

From Bioblast
Defining the role of mitochondrial electron transfer Complex I on the modulation of Ca2+ homeostasis: effects of metformin on cancer cell metabolism. Mitochondr Physiol Network 19.13.

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Jana Prado F

MiP2014, Book of Abstracts Open Access

Jana Prado F, Bustos G, Cruz P, Cardenas C (2014)

Event: MiP2014

Energy metabolism (generation of ATP) is driven by aerobic oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), which occurs in the mitochondria, and by anaerobic glycolysis taking place in the cytoplasm. In most cancer cells, energy generation switches to glycolysis even in the presence of oxygen, a phenomenon known as the Warburg effect, which has preoccupied most cancer research while neglecting mitochondria. However, recent studies have shown that mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, which produces NADH that is reduced by Complex I delivering the electrons for OXPHOS, is both functional and essential for tumor growth. The TCA cycle plays a pivotal role in the synthesis of macromolecules, including proteins, lipids and nucleotides. The TCA cycle is finely regulated by Ca2+, which enters the mitochondria through MCU [1] driven by a considerable voltage across the inner mitochondrial membrane (ΔΨmt), generated in part by protons being pumped by respiratory electron flow. Metformin, which has been widely used for over 40 years to treat diabetes, mimics caloric restriction acting on cell metabolism at various levels. It primarily inhibits Complex I and activates AMPK, effects also observed during inhibition of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. Interestingly, metformin and other inhibitors of Complex I can selectively cause cell death in cancer cells through a mechanism that is still unclear [2,3].

Here, using extracellular flux analyzer technology, we show that incubation with 5 mM metformin for 24 h decreased both ROUTINE respiration and uncoupled oxygen consumption (ET-capacity) in MCF7 cells, recapitulating the effects observed by inhibition of Ca2+ uptake by MCU. These effects were accompanied by a perturbation of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, a robust activation of AMPK and autophagy induction. Additionally, we demonstrated that chronic (24 h) exposure to 10 mM metformin induced inhibition of cell growth and more than 50% cell death in MCF7 cells. This effect was visible only when cells were forced to rely bioenergetically on mitochondria (in media with low glucose), reinforcing the concept that metformin has antitumor properties that probably inhibit Complex I and causing a bioenergetic collapse of the cells.


Labels: MiParea: Respiration, mt-Membrane, Pharmacology;toxicology  Pathology: Cancer, Diabetes 



Regulation: Aerobic glycolysis, Calcium  Coupling state: OXPHOS 


Event: C3, P-flash  MiP2014, Metformin 

Affiliation

Inst Ciencias Biomedicas, Fac Medicina, Univ Chile, Santiago, Chile. - [email protected]

References and acknowledgements

Financed by postdoctoral fellowship FONDECYT 3140458 (FJ) and regular grant FONDECYT 1120443 (CC).

  1. Mallilankaraman K, Cardenas C, Doonan PJ, Chandramoorthy HC, Irrinki KM, Golenar T, Csordas G, Madireddi P, Yang J, Muller M, Miller R, Kolesar JE, Molgo J, Kaufman B, Hajnoczky G, Foskett J K, Madesh M (2012) MCUR1 is an essential component of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake that regulates cellular metabolism. Nature Cell Biology 14: 1336-43.
  2. JaΓ±a F, Faini F, Lapier M, Pavani M, Kemmerling U, Morello A, Maya JD, Jara J, Parra E, Ferreira J (2013) Tumor cell death induced by the inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport: the effect of 3-hydroxybakuchiol. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 272: 356-64.
  3. Hadad SM, Hardie DG, Appleyard V, Thompson AM (2014) Effects of metformin on breast cancer cell proliferation, the AMPK pathway and the cell cycle. Clin Transl Oncol 16:746-52.
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